endometrial biopsy

Why it is done

Your healthcare provider can evaluate whether or not the uterine lining responds normally to the hormone progesterone. The effect of progesterone is measured by changes to the different cells of the endometrium that insure adequate preparation of the uterine lining.

An endometrial biopsy can also evaluate abnormal uterine bleeding, which can be caused by hormonal imbalances.

How it is done

The procedure is usually done three to seven days before a woman’s menstrual period is expected to begin and is performed in the healthcare provider’s office. Before an endometrial biopsy is taken, it is important to confirm that the woman is not pregnant.

The procedure involves inserting a catheter (a flexible tube) through the cervix and into the uterus, where the healthcare provider can then remove a piece of tissue from the uterine lining. The procedure itself may cause mild pain or cramping. Some physicians may prescribe taking ibuprofen prior to the procedure to help minimize the discomfort.

The tissue sample is then sent to a laboratory for evaluation of the cell types present at that particular time of the menstrual cycle. The types of cells present in the uterine lining change throughout the monthly cycle, and a diagnosis can be made based upon the cell type seen and the day of the menstrual cycle on which the sample was taken.

Hormone therapy – progesterone may help bring the days of the cycle and the uterine lining back in to synchronization.